{"id":14368,"date":"2012-04-25T10:19:31","date_gmt":"2012-04-25T16:19:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wordpress-367309-1145705.cloudwaysapps.com\/?p=14368"},"modified":"2012-04-25T10:19:31","modified_gmt":"2012-04-25T16:19:31","slug":"meat-in-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sustainablog.org\/articles\/meat-in-china\/","title":{"rendered":"Meat Consumption in China Now Double That in the United States"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/a><\/p>\n By Janet Larsen<\/strong><\/p>\n More than a quarter of all the meat produced worldwide is now eaten in China, and the country\u2019s 1.35 billion people are hungry for more. In 1978, China\u2019s meat consumption of 8 million tons was one third the U.S. consumption of 24 million tons. But by 1992, China had overtaken the United States as the world\u2019s leading meat consumer\u2014-and it has not looked back since. Now China\u2019s annual meat consumption of 71 million tons is more than double that in the United States. With U.S. meat consumption falling and China\u2019s consumption still rising, the trajectories of these two countries are determining the shape of agriculture around the planet.<\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n Pork is China\u2019s meat of choice, accounting for nearly three fourths of its meat consumption. Half the world\u2019s pigs\u2014-some 476 million of them\u2014-live in China. This meat is so central to the Chinese diet that in 2007 the government, hoping to cushion against price spikes, created a strategic pork reserve (albeit a relatively small one) to accompany its more typical stockpiles of grain and petroleum. Many a Chinese banquet table is graced with a portion of sticky sweet braised pork belly, touted to be the favorite dish of Chairman Mao. With its pork consumption projected to reach 52 million tons in 2012, China is far ahead of the 8 million tons eaten in the United States, where chicken and beef are more popular. (See data<\/a>.)<\/p>\n On a per person basis, Americans ate more pork than the Chinese until 1997, when the lines crossed and China pushed ahead. Over the past five years, per capita pork consumption in the United States has fallen on average 2 percent a year, while that in China has grown by over 3 percent a year despite price increases. Now the Chinese each eat an average of 84 pounds (38 kilograms) of pork in a year, while Americans average 59 pounds.<\/p>\n Traditionally China\u2019s pigs were raised in small numbers by households feeding them crop waste and table scraps. As many American kitchens today have a garbage disposal, Chinese kitchens had a pig. Indeed, the written Mandarin Chinese character for \u201chome\u201d depicts a pig under a roof, signifying the animal\u2019s longtime domestic importance. But now the ramped-up demands of a richer and increasingly urbanized society have taken more pigs out of the backyard and into specialized livestock operations, where they are fed grain and soybeans.<\/p>\n Poultry production in China\u2014-virtually non-existent prior to 1978\u2014-is also becoming more industrialized. While chicken flocks in the United States began to multiply rapidly following World War II, flocks in China started their expansion some 20 years later and have grown twice as fast. Chinese chicken consumption is set to exceed 13 million tons in 2012, marking the first time that more chicken will be eaten in China than in the United States. Still, on average, Americans eat four times more chicken per person.<\/p>\n For beef, China\u2019s 6-million-ton consumption compares with 11 million tons in the United States. Americans, with their stereotypical burgers and steaks, each eat an average of 79 pounds of beef a year, nearly nine times more than the Chinese average. Beef production has not taken off as quickly in China as other meats have, in part due to its higher cost and to competing claims on grazing land.<\/p>\n The other prime reason that beef has not become as popular in China is that cattle in feedlots gobble up about 7 pounds of grain for each pound of weight gain. For pigs, the feeding ratio is 3 to 1, and for chickens it is 2 to 1. With one fifth of the world\u2019s population and limited land and water supplies, China has had to rely heavily on the more-efficient forms of animal protein. This has led to China\u2019s huge farmed fish output of 37 million tons, which accounts for over 60 percent of the world total. For comparison, U.S. aquacultural output is less than half a million tons. Farmed fish in ponds, particularly the herbivorous species like carp that are popular in China, require even less feed than chickens do.<\/p>\n While rice is an essential component of many a Chinese meal, China\u2019s largest grain crop actually is corn, with 192 million tons harvested in 2011. Corn is so prominent because it dominates feed rations for livestock, poultry, and fish. The 140-million-ton rice harvest, largely from the southern part of the country, and most of the 118-million-ton wheat crop from the north are eaten directly by people or cooked into noodles, buns, dumplings, and other foods.<\/p>\nGrowing Grain in China to Feed All Those Animals<\/h3>\n